The Art of Developing Ideas by Finding Ways to Restate Them in a Speech Is Known as What?

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Public Speaking » Glossary

Public Speaking Glossary

The following is a glossary of terms commonly used in relation to public speaking and by professional speakers.

A B C D E F Thousand H I J K 50 Chiliad Northward O P Q R Due south T U Five Due west X Y Z

A

abstract

A summary of a mag or journal commodity, written by someone other than the original author.

abstract words

Words that refer to ideas or concepts.

acceptance speech

A oral communication that gives thanks for a gift, an honour, or another form of public recognition.

acronym

A word composed of the initial letters or parts of a series of words.

active listening

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to sympathize the speaker's point of view.

ad hominem fallacy

An attempt to discredit a position past attacking the people who favor it.

adrenaline

A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

afterwards-dinner oral communication

A brief, often humorous, formalism speech, presented after a meal, that offers a message without asking for radical changes in attitude or action.

agenda-setting function

The work of informative speaking in raising topics to attention and creating a sense of their importance.

agreement

The third stage in the persuasive process requires that listeners not only accept the speaker's recommendations but remember their reasons for doing and then.

alliteration

Repetition of the initial consonant audio of close or bordering words.

amplification

The art of developing ideas by finding means to restate them in a speech communication.

analogical persuasion

Creating a strategic perspective on a field of study by relating it to something nearly which the audience has strong positive or negative feelings.

analogical reasoning

Reasoning in which a speaker compares 2 like cases and infers that what is true for the starting time case is also true for the second.

coordinating color scheme

Colors adjacent on the color wheel; used in a presentation aid to suggest both differences and shut relationships among the components represented.

analogy

A connectedness established between 2 otherwise dissimilar ideas or things.

blitheness

The way objects enter and/or exit a PowerPoint slide.

antithesis

A language technique that combines opposing elements in the same sentence or adjoining sentences.

appreciative listening

Listening for pleasance or enjoyment.

appreciative phase

Phase of listening in which we enjoy the beauty of messages, responding to such factors as the simplicity, balance, and proportion of speeches and the eloquence of their language.

arguments

Arrangements of proofs designed to answer key questions that arise in persuasive designs.

articulation

The physical production of particular speech sounds.

absorption

The tendency of listeners to translate the positions of a speaker with whom they agree as closer to their own views than they actually are.

atlas

A volume of maps.

mental attitude

A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, conventionalities, institution, topic, etc.

audition-centeredness

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech training and presentation.

audience demographics

Appreciable characteristics of listeners, including historic period, gender, educational level, group affiliations, and sociocultural backgrounds, that the speaker considers when adapting to an audience.

audience dynamics

The motivations, attitudes, beliefs, and values that influence the beliefs of listeners.

autocratic leader

A leader who makes decisions without consultation, issues orders or gives management, and controls the members of the grouping through the apply of rewards or punishments.

award presentation

A speech of tribute that recognizes achievements of the award recipient, explains the nature of the laurels, and describes why the recipient qualifies for the accolade.

awareness

This outset phase in the persuasive process includes knowing virtually a problem, paying attention to information technology, and understanding how it affects our lives.

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B

balance

Achieving a balance among the major parts of a presentation.

bandwagon

A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

bar graph

A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items.

begging the question

Assuming that an statement has been proved without actually presenting the testify.

beliefs

Ideas we limited about subjects that may explain our attitudes towards them.

bibliography

A list of all the sources used in preparing a voice communication.

Bill of Rights

The offset ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

biographical aid

A reference work that provides information about people.

body

The center part of a speech, used to develop the principal ideas.

body linguistic communication

Communication achieved using facial expressions, eye contact, movements, and gestures.

bookmark

A feature in a Web browser that stores links to Spider web sites then they can be easily revisited.

boomerang result

An audience's hostile reaction to a spoken communication advocating too much or besides radical alter.

brainstorming

A method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts.

brief example

A specific instance illustrating a more general idea.

briefing

A short, informative presentation given in an organizational setting.

bulleted listing

A presentation help that highlights themes past presenting them in a list of brief statements.

brunt of proof

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to show that a change from current policy is necessary.

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C

call number

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to signal where they can be found on the shelves.

call the question

A motion that proposes to end the word on a motion and to bring information technology to a vote.

catalogue

A list of all the books, periodicals, and other resource endemic by a library.

categorical blueprint

The apply of natural or traditional divisions within a subject as a way of structuring an informative spoken language.

causal order

A method of spoken language organization in which the primary points show a crusade-outcome relationship.

causal reasoning

Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.

causation design

A blueprint for an informative spoken language that shows how one condition generates, or is generated past, another.

central idea

A one-sentence argument that sums upwardly or encapsulates the major ideas of a spoken language.

ceremonial speaking

(ceremonial speech) Speaking that celebrates special occasions. Mutual forms are speeches of tribute, inspiration, eulogies, toasts, introduction, making and accepting awards, and the after-dinner oral communication. Their deeper function is to share identities and reinforce values that unite people into communities.

aqueduct

The means by which a message is communicated.

chart

A visual assist that summarizes a large block of data, usually in list form.

chronological pattern

Pattern of speech organization that follows a sequence of important events in relating the history of a subject or predicting its futurity.

chronological order

A method of spoken language organization in which the master points follow a fourth dimension pattern.

claims

Conclusions that go beyond factual statements to make judgments almost their subjects.

cliche

A trite or overused expression.

prune fine art

Pictures and symbols that correspond mutual objects, processes, and ideas.

clutter

Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea.

co-active approach

A manner of approaching reluctant audiences in which the speaker attempts to establish goodwill, emphasizes shared values, and sets modest goals for persuasion.

cognitive restructuring

The process of replacing negative thoughts with positive, constructive ones.

collaborative problem solving

In grouping communication, an approach that gathers participants from split up areas of the public or private sectors for their input on a trouble.

commemorative speech

A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an thought.

communication anticipation

Anxiety or fear experienced before and during public speaking.

advice surroundings

The setting in which communication occurs, including both physical and psychological factors.

comparative advantages lodge

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main bespeak explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

comparative design

A pattern for an informative speech that relates an unfamiliar subject to something the audience already knows or understands.

comparison

A statement of the similarities amidst two or more than people, events, ideas, etc.

comparison and contrast

An informative spoken language design that points out similarities and differences between subjects or ideas.

competence

The speaker'southward advent of being informed, intelligent, and well prepared.

complementary color scheme

Colors opposite one some other on the color wheel; used in a presentation aid to advise tension and opposition among various elements.

comprehensive phase

Phase of listening in which we focus on, sympathize, and translate spoken letters.

comprehensive listening

Listening to sympathise the message of a speaker.

computer-assisted presentation

The employ of commercial presentation software to join audio, visual, text, graphic, and animated components.

concept

A belief, theory, thought, notion, principle, or the like.

physical words

Words that refer to tangible objects.

confusion of fact and opinion

A misuse of evidence in persuasive speaking in which personal opinions are offered as though they were objective facts, or facts are dismissed as though they were mere opinion.

connective

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship betwixt them.

connotative meaning

The emotional, subjective, personal meaning that certain words tin can evoke in listeners.

consensus

A group decision that is acceptable to all members of the group.

constructive listening

The function of the listener in the creation of significant. Involves discovering the speaker's intention, tracing out the implications and consequences of the message, and applying the message to 1's life.

contrast

A argument of the differences amongst 2 or more than people, events, ideas, etc.

contrast event

A trend past listeners to misconstrue the positions of a speaker with whom they disagree and to translate those positions as even more than afar from their own opinions than they really are.

conversational quality

Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times information technology has been rehearsed.

coordination

The requirement that statements equal in importance be placed on the same level in an outline.

creating common basis

A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.

brownie

The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

crescendo catastrophe

A determination in which the speech builds to a zenith of ability and intensity.

criteria

Standards on which a judgment or conclusion tin can be based.

critical listening

The careful analysis and evaluation of message content.

critical thinking

Focused, organized thinking nearly such things every bit the logical relationships amid ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.

critique

An evaluation of a voice communication.

cultural gridlock

Occurs when the cultural differences in a group are so profound that the varying agendas, priorities, customs, and procedures create tensions that block effective discussion.

cultural sensitivity

The respectful, appreciative awareness of the diversity inside an audience.

culturetypes

Terms that express the values and goals of a group'due south culture.

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D

debate

The clash of opposing ideas, evaluations and policy proposals on a subject area of concern.

decoding process

The process by which the listener determines the meaning of the speaker's message and decides the speaker's intent.

deductive reasoning

A form of thinking that begins with a generally accepted truth, connects an issue with that truth, and draws a conclusion based on the connexion.

definition

A translation of an unfamiliar word into understandable terms.

deliberation

Allowing all sides to express their opinions before a decision is made.

commitment cues

Directions in a speaking outline to aid a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver fundamental parts of the voice communication.

demagogues

Political speakers who effort to inflame feelings without regard to the accuracy or adequacy of their claims in order to promote their own agendas.

demographic audience analysis

Audience assay that focuses on demographic factors such equally age, gender, religious orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.

denotative meaning

The dictionary definition or objective meaning of a word.

derived brownie

The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

description

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, and the like with clarity and vividness.

designated leader

A person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed.

dialect

A speech pattern associated with an area of the land or with a cultural or ethnic background.

dialogue group

A group assembled to explore the underlying assumptions of a problem merely non necessarily to solve it.

direct quotation

Repeating the exact words of another to support a bespeak.

discriminative phase

Phase of listening in which we detect the vital sounds of spoken communication.

disinformation

Communication that offers what appears to exist information, but that really deceives listeners and impedes their agreement.

deliquesce ending

A determination that generates emotional appeal past fading stride by step to a dramatic terminal argument.

dyad

A group of two people.

dynamism

The touch on fabricated on listeners when they perceive a speaker every bit confident, decisive, and enthusiastic.

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East

egocentrism

Holding the view that ane's own experiences and thoughts are the norm.

either-or

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between ii alternatives when more than two alternatives be.

electronic brainstorming

A group technique in which participants generate ideas in computer chat groups or past email.

emergent leader

A group member who emerges as a leader during the grouping'southward deliberations.

empathic phase

Phase of listening in which we append judgment, allow speakers to be heard, and endeavour to see things from their points of view.

emphatic listening

Listening to provide emotional back up for a speaker.

empirical

A form of thinking that emphasizes the close inspection of reality.

enactment

The fourth stage of the persuasive procedure in which listeners take appropriate action as the upshot of their agreement.

encoding process

The process past which the speaker combines words, tones, and gestures to convey thought and feelings to the audience.

enduring metaphors

Metaphors of unusual ability and popularity that are based on experience that lasts across time and that crosses many cultural boundaries.

enunciation

The manner in which private words are articulated and pronounced in context.

ethical decisions

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a ready of upstanding standards or guidelines.

ideals

The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human diplomacy.

ethnocentrism

The belief that one'south own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

ethos

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as brownie.

eulogy

A speech communication of tribute presented upon a person's death.

event

Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.

evidence

Supporting materials used to show or disprove something.

example

A specific instance used to illustrate or to correspond a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the similar.

expanded conversational style

A presentational quality that, while more than formal than everyday conversation, preserves its directness and spontaneity.

expert testimony

Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

explanations

A combination of facts and statistics to clarify a topic or process mentioned in a speech.

ad-lib speech

A advisedly prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief gear up of notes.

extemporaneous presentation

(extemporaneous speaking) A grade of presentation in which a speech communication, although carefully prepared and proficient, is not written out or memorized.

extended example

A story, narrative, or chestnut developed at some length to illustrate a signal.

center contact

Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person.

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F

facts and statistics

Items of data that tin be used to illustrate and prove points fabricated past the speaker. When expressed numerically, such information appears in statistics.

factual instance

An illustration based on something that actually happened or that really exists.

fair utilize

A provision of copyright police force that permits students and teachers to utilise portions of copyrighted materials for educational purposes.

fallacy

An error in reasoning.

false cause

An error in causal reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one upshot follows another, the commencement event is the cause of the second. This error is oft known by its Latin name, mail service hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning 'afterwards this, therefore considering of this.'

faulty analogy

A comparison fatigued between things that are different in some of import mode.

feedback

The audience'southward firsthand response to a speaker.

figurative analogy

A comparison made between things that vest to different fields.

figurative language

The utilize of words in certain surprising and unusual ways in order to magnify the power of their pregnant.

filtering

Listening to only part of a message, the function the listener wants to hear.

fixed-alternative questions

Questions that offering a fixed choice between 2 or more alternatives.

flawed statistical comparisons

Statistical reasoning that offers fallacious conclusions by comparison diff and unlike situations.

flow chart

A visual method of representing ability and responsibility relationships.

font

A complete ready of type of the same design.

formal outline

The concluding outline in a process leading from the first rough ideas for a voice communication to the finished product.

frame of reference

The sum of a person's knowledge, feel, goals, values, and attitudes. No 2 people tin accept exactly the same frame of reference.

free-rein leader

A leader who leaves members gratuitous to make up one's mind what, how, and when to act, offering no guidance.

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G

gazetteer

A geographical lexicon.

gender stereotyping

Generalizations based on oversimplified or outmoded assumptions about gender and gender roles.

general encyclopedia

A comprehensive reference work that provides information about all branches of human being knowledge.

general purpose

The broad goal of a speech communication.

generic 'he'

The use of 'he' to refer to both women and men.

gestures

Motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech.

global plagiarism

Stealing a speech communication entirely from a unmarried source and passing it off as one's own.

skillful form

A master principle of structure, based on simplicity, symmetry, and orderliness.

goodwill

The audition's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in listen.

graph

A visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns.

graphics

Visual representations of data.

great expectation fallacy

The mistaken idea that major change tin be achieved by a single persuasive try.

groupthink

Occurs when a single, uncritical frame of mind dominates grouping thinking and prevents the full, objective analysis of specific problems.

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H

habitual pitch

The level at which people speak near often.

hasty generalization

An mistake in reasoning from specific instances, in which a speaker jumps to a full general conclusion on the basis of insufficient prove.

hearing

The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain.

hidden agenda

A gear up of unstated individual goals that may conflict with the goals of the group every bit a whole.

hypothetical example

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious state of affairs or issue.

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I

identification

A process in which speakers seek to create a bail with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.

ideographs

Words that convey in a compressed way a grouping's basic political faith or arrangement of beliefs.

imagery

The use of bright language to create mental images of objects, deportment, or ideas.

immediacy

A quality of successful advice achieved when the speaker and audience experience a sense of closeness.

unsaid leader

A group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank, expertise, or other quality.

impromptu speech

A voice communication delivered with petty or no immediate preparation.

inclusive language

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.

incremental plagiarism

Failing to give credit for item parts of a oral communication that are borrowed from other people.

inflections

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.

information cards

Records of facts and ideas obtained from an article or book used in enquiry.

informative speech

A speech communication designed to convey knowledge and understanding.

informative value

A measure of how much new and important information or understanding a speech conveys to an audience.

initial credibility

The brownie of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.

inoculation consequence

Preparing an audience for an opposing statement by answering it before listeners have been exposed to it.

integrity

The quality of being ethical, honest, and dependable.

interference

Anything that impedes the communication of a bulletin. Interference can be external or internal to listeners.

internal preview

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to talk over side by side.

internal summary

Reminding listeners of major points already presented in a speech earlier proceeding to new ideas.

introduction

The first office of a spoken language, intended to gain the audition's attention and to set them for the residuum of the presentation.

invalid analogy

An analogy in which the 2 cases existence compared are not substantially akin.

inversion

Irresolute the normal order of words to make statements memorable and emphatic.

invisible Web

The multitude of Web databases and other resources that are not indexed by search engines.

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J

jargon

The specialized or technical linguistic communication of a trade, profession, or like group.

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K

key-discussion outline

An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.

kinesics

The study of body motions as a systematic style of communication.

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50

lay testimony

Information that is derived from the firsthand feel of ordinary citizens.

leadership

The ability to influence grouping members then as to assist achieve the goals of the group.

likeableness

The quality of radiating goodness and goodwill and inspiring audition amore in render.

line graph

A graph that uses one or more lines to bear witness changes in statistics over time or space.

listener

The person who receives the speaker'southward message.

listening

Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.

literal illustration

A comparison made betwixt subjects within the aforementioned field.

logos

The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The 2 major elements of logos are show and reasoning.

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Yard

magnification

A speaker's selecting and emphasizing certain qualities of a subject to stress the values they represent.

master motion

A proposal that would commit a group to some specific action or announcement.

main points

The major points developed in the trunk of a spoken communication.

maintenance needs

Communicative deportment necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a pocket-sized group.

malapropisms

Language errors that occur when a word is dislocated with some other discussion that sounds similar it.

manuscript speech

A spoken communication that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

mark

Calculation a gender reference when none is needed-e.1000., "a woman doctor."

master of ceremonies

A person who coordinates an event or program, sets its mood, introduces participants, provides transitions, and may also present awards.

maxims

Brief and particularly apt sayings.

hateful

The average value of a group of numbers.

median

The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.

memorized text presentations

Speeches that are committed to memory and delivered word for word.

mental dialogue with the audition

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech.

message

Whatsoever a speaker communicates to someone else.

metaphor

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word 'like' or 'equally,' between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

metasearch engine

A search aid that sends a researcher'southward request to several search engines at the same time.

mirror questions

Questions that echo part of a previous response to encourage further discussion.

fashion

The number that occurs most frequently in a grouping of numbers.

model

An object, usually built to calibration, that represents some other object in detail.

monotone

A constant pitch or tone of phonation.

Monroe's motivated sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek firsthand action. The 5 steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and activity.

movement

Formal proposal for grouping consideration.

motivated sequence design

A persuasive voice communication design that proceeds past arousing attention, demonstrating a need, satisfying the need, visualizing results, and calling for action.

motivation

Internal forces that impel activeness and direct man behavior toward specific goals.

mountain graph

A variation of a line graph in which different colors are used to fill in the areas in a higher place and beneath the line(s).

motility to amend

A parliamentary move that offers the opportunity to modify a motion shortly under discussion.

multimedia presentation

A speech that uses computer software to combine several kinds of visual and/or audio aids in the aforementioned talk.

multisided presentation

A speech in which the speaker's position is compared favorably to other positions.

myth of the hateful

The deceptive use of statistical averages in speeches.

mythos

A class of proof that connects a discipline to the culture and tradition of a grouping through the employ of narratives.

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N

name-calling

The utilize of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

narrative

A story used to illustrate some of import truth near a speaker'south topic.

need

The commencement basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is at that place a serious problem or need that requires a change from electric current policy?

non sequitur fallacy

A deductive error occurring when conclusions are drawn improperly from the premises that precede them.

nonverbal communication

Communication based on a person's apply of voice and torso, rather than on the utilise of words.

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O

object

Anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.

onomatopoeia

The utilise of words that sound similar the subjects they signify.

open-ended questions

Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

optimum pitch

The level at which people tin can produce their strongest vocalization with minimal endeavour and that allows variation up and downward the musical scale.

oral written report

A speech communication presenting the findings, conclusions, decisions, etc., of a pocket-size group.

social club

A consistent design used to develop a speech.

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P

panel discussion

A structured conversation on a given topic amongst several people in front of an audience.

parallel construction

Wording an outline'south main points in the aforementioned manner in order to emphasize their importance and to help the audience call up them.

parallelism

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.

paraphrase

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one'south ain words.

parliamentary procedure

A set of formal rules that establishes an guild of business for meetings and encourages the orderly, fair, and full consideration of proposals during group deliberation.

participative leader

A leader who seeks input from group members and gives them an agile role in decision-making.

patchwork plagiarism

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off equally one's own.

pathos

The name used past Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.

pause

A momentary break in the song delivery of a speech.

peer testimony

Testimony from ordinary people with first-hand experience or insight on a topic.

periodical database

A inquiry assist that catalogues articles from a big number of journals or magazines.

personalize

To nowadays one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audition.

personification

A figure of speech in which nonhuman or abstruse subjects are given human being qualities.

persuasion

The art of disarming others to give favorable attention to our point of view.

persuasive speech

A voice communication designed to change or reinforce the audience's attitudes, beliefs or actions.

pictographs

On a nautical chart, a visual image symbolizing the information it represents.

pie graph

A graph that highlights segments of a circumvolve to show simple distribution patterns.

pitch

The position of a human voice on the musical scale.

plagiarism

Presenting another person'south language or ideas every bit one'due south own.

plan

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with electric current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

positive nervousness

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.

post hoc fallacy

A deductive fault in which one event is assumed to be the cause of another simply considering the beginning preceded the 2nd.

postpone consideration

(move to postpone consideration) A motion that defers discussion until some specified time when necessary information will be available.

practicality

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker'due south plan solve the trouble? Will it create new and more serious problems?

precision

Using information that is closely and carefully related to the specific purpose and context of a speech; especially important when a topic varies widely in application.

preliminary bibliography

A list compiled early in the inquiry procedure of works that wait every bit if they might incorporate helpful information virtually a speech topic.

preliminary tuning consequence

The issue of previous speeches or other situational factors in predisposing an audience to reply positively or negatively to a spoken language.

training outline

A detailed outline developed during the procedure of spoken language training that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.

prepersuasive part

The way in which informative speaking shapes listeners' perceptions, preparing them for after persuasive speeches on a topic.

PREP formula

An outlining technique for an impromptu oral communication: state a point, give a reason or example, and restate the betoken.

presentation

The human activity of offering a speech to an audience, integrating the skills of nonverbal advice, peculiarly body language, with the oral communication content.

presentation

A PowerPoint file containing all the slides for a given spoken communication.

presentation aids

Supplemental materials used to enhance the effectiveness and clarity of a presentation.

prestige testimony

Information coming from a person who is highly regarded but not necessarily an expert on a topic.

preview

The function of the introduction that identifies the main points to exist developed in the body of the spoken communication and presents an overview of the spoken language to follow.

principle of closure

The demand for a satisfactory end or conclusion to a voice communication.

principle of proximity

The idea that things occurring together in time or space should be presented in the order in which they normally happen.

principle of similarity

The principle that like things should be grouped together.

probes

Questions that inquire an adept to elaborate on a response.

problem-cause-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first chief point identifies a problem, the second main signal analyzes the causes of the trouble, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

problem-solution design

A persuasive speech pattern in which listeners are commencement persuaded that they have a problem and then are shown how to solve it.

trouble-solution order

A method of speech organization in which the first main indicate deals with the existence of a problem and the 2d chief point presents a solution to the problem.

problem-solving modest grouping

A modest group formed to solve a particular problem.

procedural needs

Routine 'housekeeping' deportment necessary for the efficient behave of business in a small group.

process

A systematic series of deportment that leads to a specific result or product.

pronunciation

The use of correct sounds and of proper stress or emphasis on syllables in saying words.

proof

An interpretation of evidence that provides a good reason for listeners to agree with the speaker.

proxemics

The study of how human beings use infinite during communication.

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Q

qualifiers

Words that propose the degree of conviction a speaker has in the conclusion of his or her statement.

question of fact

A question virtually the truth or falsity of an assertion.

question of policy

A question about whether a specific course of activity should or should not be taken.

question of value

A question almost the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an thought or activity.

quoting out of context

Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its significant by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.

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R

rate

The speed at which a person speaks.

reasoning

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

reasoning from principle

Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

reasoning from specific instances

Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.

receiver apprehension

Fright of misinterpreting, inadequately processing and/or not being able to suit psychologically to letters sent by others.

recency

Ensuring that the information in a speech is the latest that can be provided.

cherry herring fallacy

The use of irrelevant material to divert attention.

reference work

A piece of work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access past researchers.

reflective-thinking method

A five-step method for directing discussion in a problem-solving modest group.

refutative design

A persuasive speech design in which the speaker tries to raise doubts nigh, damage, or destroy an opposing position.

reinforcer

A comment or action that encourages farther communication from someone being interviewed.

reliability

The trustworthiness of information critical to the brownie of a speech.

reluctant testimony

Highly credible form of supporting textile in which sources of evidence speak against their apparent self-interest.

reluctant witnesses

Those who offering reluctant testimony; i.eastward., they speak against their apparent self-involvement.

repetition

Reiteration of the aforementioned word or set of words at the get-go or finish of successive clauses or sentences.

inquiry interview

An interview conducted to gather data for a speech.

research overview

A list of the main sources of information that could be used in a speech and of the major ideas from each source.

residual bulletin

What a speaker wants the audience to remember afterwards information technology has forgotten everything else in a speech.

responsible knowledge

An agreement of the major features, problems, experts, latest developments, and local applications relevant to a topic.

rhetorical questions

Questions that have a self-evident answer, or that provoke curiosity that the speech then proceeds to satisfy.

rhythm

The pattern of sound in a speech communication created by the option and arrangement of words.

Robert'southward Rules of Order

The authoritative, traditional "bible" of parliamentary procedure.

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S

sans-serif font

A typeface with straight edges on the letters.

calibration questions

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.

search assistance

A programme used to discover information on the World wide web.

search engine

A search aid that indexes Spider web pages and checks them for sites that match a researcher's request.

second

A motion must receive a "2d" earlier group discussion can keep. Assures that more than than 1 fellow member wishes to have the motion considered.

self-sensation inventory

A series of questions that a speaker can ask to develop an arroyo to a oral communication of introduction.

sequence chart

Visual illustrations of the unlike stages of a process.

sequential design

A pattern for an informative spoken communication that presents the steps involved in the process being demonstrated.

serif font

A typeface with rounded edges on the letters.

sexism

Allowing gender stereotypes to control interactions with members of the contrary sex.

sexist language

The utilise of masculine nouns and pronouns when the intended reference is to both sexes, or the utilize of derogatory emotional trigger words when referring to women.

signpost

A very cursory statement that indicates where a speaker is in the voice communication or that focuses attention on primal ideas.

simile

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word 'like' or 'every bit,' between things that are essentially different notwithstanding have something in common.

simplicity

A desirable quality of speech communication structure. Suggests that a speech have a limited number of main points and that they be short and direct.

situation

The time and place in which speech communication occurs.

situational audition analysis

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors, such as the size of the audience, the concrete setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

skills training

Developing abilities and attitudes that assist speakers control and transform advice apprehension into a positive factor.

sleeper effect

A delayed reaction to persuasion.

slide

A single frame in a PowerPoint presentation.

slippery slope fallacy

The assumption that once something happens, an inevitable trend is established that will lead to disastrous results.

small grouping

A drove of three to twelve people that assemble for a specific purpose.

social leadership behavior

Occurs when leaders focus upon building and maintaining positive, productive relationships among group members.

source cards

Records kept of the author, title, place and engagement of publication, and page references for each research source.

source citation

Parenthetical reference in a spoken communication outline to sources listed in total under Works Consulted.

spare "brain time"

The difference betwixt the rate at which virtually people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the charge per unit at which the brain can process linguistic communication (400 to 800 words a minute).

spatial design

A blueprint for an informative speech communication that orders the main points as they occur in physical space.

spatial club

A method of speech system in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

speaker

The person who is presenting an oral bulletin to a listener.

speaking outline

A brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.

special encyclopedia

A comprehensive reference work devoted to a specific field of study such equally organized religion, art, police, science, music, etc.

specific purpose

The speaker's particular goal or the response that the speaker wishes to evoke.

oral communication of acceptance

A ceremonial speech expressing gratitude for an honour and acknowledging those who fabricated the achievement possible.

speech of sit-in

An informative spoken communication aimed at showing the audience how to do something or how something works.

spoken language of description

An informative speech that creates give-and-take pictures to help the audience understand a subject.

speech of explanation

A speech that is intended to inform the audition about abstract and circuitous subjects, such as concepts or programs.

speech of inspiration

A ceremonial spoken communication directed at awakening or reawakening an audience to a goal, purpose, or set up of values.

speech of introduction

A ceremonial oral communication in which a featured speaker is introduced to the audience.

speech of presentation

A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other class of public recognition.

oral communication of tribute

A ceremonial speech that recognizes the achievements of individuals or groups or commemorates special events.

voice communication to gain immediate action

A persuasive voice communication in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

speech to gain passive agreement

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audition that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

sponsoring organization

An organization that, in the absenteeism of a clearly identified writer, is responsible for the content of a document on the World Broad Web.

phase fright

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a spoken communication in front of an audience.

statistics

Numerical data.

stereotypes

Generalized pictures of a race, gender, or grouping that supposedly represent its essential characteristics.

stereotyping

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, ordinarily by bold that all members of the group are alike.

stock problems pattern

A persuasive speech blueprint that attempts to answer the major general questions a reasonable person would ask earlier like-minded to a change in policies or procedures.

stories

Accounts of actions or incidents that demonstrate points the speaker is making. See too narrative.

strategic organization

Putting a speech communication together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a detail audience.

straw man fallacy

Understating, distorting, or otherwise misrepresenting the position of opponents for the sake of refutation.

subordination

The requirement that textile in an outline descend in importance from main points to subpoints to sub-subpoints to sub-sub-subpoints.

subpoint

The major division within a voice communication's main points.

substance

A quality possessed by a speech when it has an important message, a careful program of development, and adequate facts, examples, and testimony.

sub-subpoints

Divisions of subpoints within a spoken communication.

summary statement

The speaker'due south reinterpretation of the spoken language's main idea at the end of a presentation.

supporting materials

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

symbolic racism

An indirect grade of racism that employs code words and subtle, unspoken contrast to suggest that one race is superior to some other.

symposium

A public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on unlike aspects of the same topic.

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T

table the motion

(move to tabular array the motion) Suspends indefinitely the discussion of a motion.

target audience

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker virtually wants to persuade.

task leadership behavior

A leadership accent that directs the attending and action of a group towards a specified goal.

task needs

Noun actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task.

last credibility

The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech communication.

testimonial

Lay testimony used to endorse a person, practice, or institution.

testimony

Citing the observations, opinions, or conclusions of other people or institutions to clarify, back up, and strengthen a presentation.

textual graphics

Visual presentation of central words in a speech using a chalkboard, poster board, flip chart, transparency, slide, or handout.

thesaurus

A book of synonyms.

thesis argument

The speech's primal thought.

thoroughness

Providing consummate and accurate information near a topic.

toast

A short speech of tribute, commonly offered at celebration dinners or meetings.

topic

The subject area of a oral communication.

topical order

A method of oral communication organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

topic surface area inventory chart

A ways of determining possible speech topics past listing topics you find of interest and subjects your audience finds of interest, and matching them.

transaction

The process past which we notice who we are as we communicate with others.

transactional leadership

A leadership style based on ability relationships that relies on reward and punishment to achieve its ends.

transformation

The dynamic, positive effect of successful, ethical communication on the identities of the speaker and listener and on public cognition.

transformational leadership

A leadership style based on common respect and stewardship rather than on command.

transition(s)

A word, phrase or other connecting element that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.

transition(due south)

The fashion PowerPoint slides enter and/or go out the screen.

transparency

A visual assist drawn, written, or printed on a canvas of clear acetate and shown with an overhead projector.

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U

universal human being values

Eight values identified past the Found for Global Ethics that transcend cultural differences: love, truthfulness, fairness, freedom, unity, tolerance, responsibility, and respect for life.

URL (Compatible Resource Locator)

The string of letters or numbers that identify a website'south address.

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V

values

Underlying principles or standards of desirable or ideal beliefs that should justify our beliefs and attitudes.

verifier

A statement by an interviewer confirming the meaning of what has just been said past the person being interviewed.

verbatim

Using the exact words of a source.

virtual library

A search help that combines Internet engineering science with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

visual framework

The blueprint of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships amid the speaker's ideas.

visualization

The procedure of systematically picturing oneself succeeding as a speaker and practicing a oral communication with that prototype in mind.

vocalized suspension

A pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as 'uh,' 'er,' and 'um.'

vocal distractions

Filler words, such equally er, um, and you know, used in the place of a pause.

vocal variety

Changes in a speaker'southward rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness.

volume

The loudness or softness of the speaker's vocalisation.

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W

working outline

A tentative plan showing the pattern of a speech's major parts, their relative importance, and the fashion they fit together.

works cited

A form of bibliography provided at the end of a formal outline that lists just those sources of supporting fabric really used in the speech.

works consulted

A form of bibliography provided at the end of a formal outline that lists all sources of research considered in the preparation of the speech communication.

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Y

yearbook

A reference work published annually that contains information about the previous twelvemonth.

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• Recent Articles
• › A Catchy Title
• › Presence And Presenting
• › Take A Claw!
• › Context and Sense of humor
• › Fugitive Public Speaking Gaffes
• › The Turtle On The Fence Post
• › Employ Quotes To Strengthen A Speech
• › The Perfect Toast
• › Engage Your Audience!
• › Public Speaking By Numbers
• › Give The Gift Of Grace
• › Stage Fear Tips
• › Earning Respect As A Public Speaker
• › Comedians Tin Write Besides
• › Dealing With Stagefright
• › Make Opening Words Count
• › Preparation Requires Going To The Source
• › The Sound of Silence
• › What Is That I Hear
• › Making A Good Speech Superb

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Source: http://www.speaking-tips.com/Glossary.aspx

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